TOBINintel
TOBINintel knowledge portal
Every TOBIN entry, opened right here in the app.
Type 2 Diabetes
Beta-cell stress is modeled as the end point of several drivers at once: glycemic load and nutrient quality, oxidative and mitochondrial stress, hormonal signaling, low-grade inflammation and selected exposures.
Asthma & Allergic Airway Disease
Airway inflammation is mapped against indoor and outdoor exposures, immune phenotype, microbial ecology and nutrient status, with guideline therapy always in the foreground.
PCOS & Hormonal Dysregulation
PCOS is approached as a metabolic–endocrine phenotype: androgen and insulin signaling, adipose inflammation, nutrient status and endocrine-active exposures are evaluated side by side.
Insulin Resistance (Prediabetes Pattern)
Insulin resistance means the body needs more insulin to keep glucose normal. It often comes years before type 2 diabetes. It is estimated with HOMA-IR = (fasting insulin µIU/mL × fasting glucose mg/dL) ÷ 405. Values of about 2.5 or more, a triglyceride/HDL ratio of 3 or more, or HbA1c of 5.7–6.4% suggest it. HOMA-IR cutoffs vary by population and assay, so it guides risk but does not diagnose.
Gut Dysbiosis & SIBO
Dysbiosis means an unhealthy change in gut microbes. It is a research concept, and there is no validated lab test for it. Stool microbiome panels are not recommended for diagnosis. The parts that can be measured are small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and gut inflammation. SIBO is shown by a lactulose or glucose breath test with a hydrogen rise of 20 ppm or more within 90 minutes, or methane of 10 ppm or more (North American Consensus 2017). Gut inflammation is shown by fecal calprotectin above about 50 µg/g, which calls for workup to exclude inflammatory bowel disease.
HPA-Axis Dysregulation (often called "adrenal fatigue")
"Adrenal fatigue" is not a recognized diagnosis. The Endocrine Society and a 2016 systematic review found no evidence for it. TOBIN uses the term HPA-axis dysregulation for stress-related fatigue, poor sleep and low resilience, where the adrenal glands themselves are not failing. The priority is to rule out real adrenal disease. Morning serum cortisol below 3 µg/dL strongly suggests adrenal insufficiency, and a value of 15 µg/dL or more makes it unlikely (Endocrine Society 2016). Values in between need an ACTH stimulation test. Late-night salivary cortisol above the lab's limit screens for Cushing's syndrome.